INNOTEST® hTAU Ag
The INNOTEST hTAU Ag is a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative determination of Tau protein in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
This assay measures the biomarker called total Tau, including the six isoforms (352 to 441 amino acids) from the brain.
The combined use of CSF-Tau and CSF-β-amyloid(1-42) marker concentrations allows differentiation between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and normal aging or other neurological diseases such as depression (1-6).
Product number 81572
Product number 81573
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Details
Features & Benefits
- User-friendly enzyme immunoassay, standard technology
- Generic and color-coded components
- Easily automated on microplate processor (generic components)
- Ready-to-use Calibrators reduce inter and intra run variation
- Run Validation Controls for assay run validation
- Small sample volume: 25 µL CSF. Duplicate testing is strongly recommended and requires 2 x 25 µL CSF.
- Limit of Detection: 34 pg/mL
Calibrator range: 50 to 2500 pg/mL - This assay should be used in combination with the Tau Ag CAL-RVC pack, article no. 81573.
References- Andreasen et al. Evaluation of CSF-tau and CSF- Aβ42 as diagnostic markers for Alzheimer’s disease in clinical practice. Arch Neurol 2001;58:373-379.
- Sunderland et al. Decreased b-amyloid1-42 and Increased Tau Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Alzheimer disease. Journal of the American Medical Association 2003;289:2094-2103.
- Hansson et al. Association between CSF biomarkers and incipient Alzheimer’s disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment: a follow-up study. Lancet Neurol 2006; 5: 228-234.
- Mattsson et al. CSF biomarkers and incipient Alzheimer disease in patients with mild cognitive impairment. JAMA 2009; 302(4): 385-393.
- Tabaraud et al. Alzheimer CSF biomarkers in routine clinical setting. Acta Neurol Scand. 2012; 125(6): 416-23.
- Buchhave et al. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of β-amyloid 1-42, but not of tau, are fully changed already 5 to 10 years before the onset of Alzheimer dementia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2012; 69(1): 98-106.
Additional useful information about Alzheimer’s disease can be found on the following websites:
The Alzheimer forum site:
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FileList_of_recommended_reading_publications_for_INNOTEST_Neuro.pdf (pdf, 154.35 kb)FileWhitepaper - Biomarkers for Alzheimers disease.pdf (pdf, 148.72 kb)FileFilePractical guide for lumbar puncture.pdf (pdf, 263.94 kb)FileNeuroSig v6-0 macro for use with INNOTEST Neuro assays (octet-stream, 214.10 kb)Get access to this section and more
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Insights
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FAQ
Can the INNOTEST β-Amyloid(1-42), the INNOTEST β-Amyloid(1-40), INNOTEST hTau Ag and INNOTEST PHOSPHO-Tau(181P), and INNO-BIA Plasma AΒ forms assay be used for samples from species other than humans?If the species has the same amino acid sequence as humans or a highly conserved amino acid sequence, particularly in the areas that are recognized by the antibodies (epitopes) in the assays, it is possible to use the CSF or plasma of other species on these assays.*
The human amino acid sequence for β-amyloid(1-42) and Tau are listed below, together with the epitopes of our antibodies used in the Neuro assays. You can compare these with the sequence of the other species.
A recommended site to look up amino acid sequences of other species is www.uniprot.org.
- 81576 (CE) / 81583 (RUO): INNOTEST β-AMYLOID(1-42): antibodies used are 3D6 and 21F12.
- 80462 (CE) / 81585 (RUO): INNOTEST β-AMYLOID(1-40): antibodies used are 3D6 and 2G3.
- 81572 (CE) / 81579 (RUO): INNOTEST hTau Ag: antibodies used are AT120, HT7 and BT2
- 81574 (CE) / 81582 (RUO): INNOTEST PHOSPHO-TAU(181P): antibodies used are AT270 and HT7
- 80933: INNO-BIA plasma Aβ forms: antibodies used are 3D6, 2G3 and 21F12 (cf. INNOTEST assays)
* Use on other samples than CSF is not validated by Fujirebio Europe N.V.
Can brain homogenates be tested on the neuro INNOTEST assays?Yes, below you can find a protocol and references to publications where it has been used in combination with our Neuro INNOTEST® assays.*
Protocol for brain Aβ42 and Aβ40:
- Homogenize mouse brain in 6.5 volumes of 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.5 with
5 mM EDTA,
2 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
0.5 mg/ml leupeptin
0.7 mg/ml pepstatin
0.1 mg/ml phenanthroline
0.1 mg/ml benzamidine - Clear the homogenate as follows: centrifuge at 135,000 x g for 1h at 4°C and at 220,000 x g for 2h at 4°C.
- Concentrate on Sepak C18 cartridges (Waters, Milford, MA).
This protocol has been used in the following publications:
- Moechars et al., 1999 J Biol Chem
- Lee et al., 2003 J Biol Chem
* These protocols were not validated by Fujirebio Europe N.V.
Is there a correlation between the concentrations obtained with the INNO-BIA AlzBio3 and the INNOTEST assays?Although there is a difference in absolute concentrations between both assays, INNOTEST and INNO-BIA AlzBio3* results are highly correlated (cf. publication list). However, for the conversion of INNOTEST concentrations into INNO-BIA concentrations or vice versa (e.g. pooling of two different data sets), we highly recommend to define your own conversion factor by analyzing at least a subset of your study population with both technologies, given the fact that:
- different publications mention different correlation factors and conversion factors
- the conversion factor might not be the same for the entire measurement range
- there is no certified reference material available to which the concentrations obtained with these assays can be linked.
Publication list:
- Olsson et al. Clin Chem 2005;51(2):336-345
- Reijn et al. Clin Chem 2007;53:859-65
- Lewczuk et al. Neurobiol Aging 2008 Jun;29(6):812-8
- Wang et al. J Alzheimers Dis 2012;31(2):439-45
- Irwin et al. Arch Neurol 2012 Aug ;69(8) :1018-25
- Le Bastard et al. J Alzheimers Dis 2013;33(1):117-31
- Vanderstichele et al. Clin Chem 2013 Apr;59(4):710-2.
* The INNO-BIA AlzBio3 assay is no longer commercially available.
Can post-mortem samples be used for measuring hTau concentrations with the INNOTEST hTau Ag assay?Post-mortem samples can give very high values (outside the calibrator range) due to the degradation of the brain after death. It is therefore not recommended to use this assay on post-mortem samples, especially for diagnostic purposes.
How do I define a cut-off value?Cut-off values are usually calculated using samples from clinically diagnosed AD patients and healthy controls or non-AD dementia patients that have been followed up for some years. This follow-up is important since it possibly impacts the obtained optimal cut-off value and/or its associated sensitivity and specificity, because:
- a significant number of patients with an AD clinical diagnosis do not have an underlying AD pathology and;
- AD pathology may be present decades before the onset of the clinical symptoms.
The samples used for setting the cut-off values should preferably have undergone the same pre-analytical track as the samples that will be analyzed and interpreted in routine, as many of these pre-analytical factors influence the final biomarker results (Vanderstichele et al. Alzheimers Dement 2012 Jan;8(1):65-73 - del Campo et al. Biomark Med 2012 Aug;6(4):419-30).
Different statistical approaches to choosing the right cut-off are described in Bartlett et al. Biomark Med 2012. Sample sizes should be chosen so that cut-off values can be estimated with adequate precision and this will depend on the statistical approach.
According to the consensus report, the (combined) assessment of biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease should achieve at least 80% sensitivity and specificity (Working Group on Molecular and Biochemical Markers of Alzheimer’s disease, Neurobiol Aging 1998). Cut-off values determined in one population should preferably be cross-validated in an independent cohort to avoid overestimation of the diagnostic performance of the chosen cut-off values (Bartlett et al. Biomark Med 2012 Aug;6(4):391-400).
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